Distinctly Montana Magazine

D I S T I N C T L Y M O N T A N A M A G A Z I N E • W I N T E R 2 0 2 1 92 with CHRYSTI THE WORDSMITH W I L D W E S T W O R D S Domestic sheep were introduced to western Europe from Mesopotamia some 3,000 years ago. Since that time, Europeans have been shearing, spinning and weaving with the wool of these animals. The word wool has a long history in the English language. The Oxford English Dictionary's histor- ical database traces its earliest citation to the year 725, but considering the importance of wool in the lives of early Europeans, the word was likely in verbal circulation long before that. It's interesting to note that most Germanic languages—Dutch, Swedish, Danish and German—share very similar-sounding words for sheep's hair: wol, ull, uld and Wolle. Meanwhile, the Romance languages rely on Latin-based terms for wool. It's lana in Spanish and Italian, and la laine in French. Lanolin, the word for the fatty substance derived from wool, comes from the Latin branch of the language tree, as does an unsung adjective lanose, meaning "woolly." Related to all these is Lanier, a French occupational surname for people who bought, sold or processed wool in past ages. Though not native to the New World, immigrant's sheep were abundant in the American colonies by the mid-1600s. When vast sheep herds were established in the American West in the nineteenth century, the old word wool escaped onto the new frontier. Woolies became the catch-all term for chaps made with the shaggy hair of sheep, goats or bison. Woolsie is a cowboy term for a cheap hat made of felted wool rather than the more preferred and expensive beaver pelt. Slang for the hair on the human head (and possibly a winking reference to the towering woolen wigs of eighteenth-century European aristocrats), it became the principal noun in pull the wool over one's eyes (U.S., 1838), figuratively to deceive someone by temporari- ly blinding them with a mess of hair. The word lodge evokes special images for us here in the West. A fishing, hunting or ski lodge provides shelter and a place for conviviality during some of our favorite outdoor en- deavors. Beaver lodges, impressive aquatic structures, attest to the creature's industry. Tall, thin lodge pole pines have been used in Native lodge construction for generations. Though the term lodge seems right at home here in the New World, it's another example of a linguistic import. Trac- ing this term to its origins takes us back to the England of the 1200s, when lodge referred to a tent, hut, or even a shelter made of branches. A chronicle dated 1523 mentions travelers who "cut down bowes of trees… to make themselves lodges." In that same era, a lodge could also be the lair of an animal, be it dragon, stag, ant or beaver. In fifteenth-century Scotland, a lodge was a forest dwelling used during the hunt. Shakespeare used the word this way in his Much Ado About Nothing (1600) and Merry Wives of Windsor (1616). A word of such utility was bound to follow English speak- ers wherever they roamed. American explorer Zebulon Pike mentioned "Sioux lodges" in an 1805 publication. The term lodge-pole was cited in the same year, followed in 1859 with lodge-pole pine. LODGE WOOL

• Cover